• Fermentation

  Specific Gravity & Brix conversions, Yeast & Nutrients addition, Unit Conversion table

• Chaptalization & Water dilution

  Sugar content adjustment & Water addition

• SO₂ addition

  Liquid SO₂ solution & Potassium metabisulfite addition, Molecular SO₂ table, SO₂ reduction

• Acid addition

  Tartaric, Malic & Citric acid addition, Deacidification

• Fining & Oak addition

  Copper addition, Clarification & Oak addition

• Fortification

  Alcohol addition

• Wine Blending & Cost calculator

  Blending & Wine cost calculation

• Online Conversions

  Volume, Temperature, Pressure, Mass, Area and Distance

• Wine Catalog

• Directory Guide

• Wine Games

• Red Soles Winery
• Johnson Family Vineyard
• Ponte Stephens Vineyard
• brooklyn winery
• Izzi Family Vineyards

Fortification is process that involves addition of grape spirits to still wine to increase the total percent of alcohol level. This procedure is important part of making a sweet and fortified wines like Port, Madeira and Marsala, where the grape spirits is added into the wine before fermentation is finished, leaving a high percentage of residual sugar. The timing and volume of the grape spirit is critical to achieve the final desired alcoholic strength and sugar concentration. Fortification can be used also to find the perfect tasting spot after dealcoholization of the wine.